This occurs within the respiratory system. During inpiration, the intercostal muscles contract, the diaphragm descends, and the rib cage rises. The thoracic cavity volume also increases, stretching the lungs.
During expiration the intercostal muscles relax, the diaphragm rises, and the rib cage descends. The thoracic cavity volume decreases, causing the the lungs to recoil.
When you breathe in, the air moves into the lungs through the trachea or the windpipe then the pharynx and larynx. Then it branches into the bronchi, then bronchioles, which finally reach into each lung.
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